2024

Automating incidence and prevalence analysis in open cohorts (2024)

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Type of publication:
Journal article

Author(s):
Cockburn, Neil; Hammond, Ben; Gani, Illin; Cusworth, Samuel; Acharya, Aditya; Gokhale, Krishna; Thayakaran, Rasiah; Crowe, Francesca; Minhas, Sonica; *Smith, William Parry; Taylor, Beck; Nirantharakumar, Krishnarajah; Chandan, Joht Singh.

Citation:
BMC Medical Research Methodology. 24(1):144, 2024 Jul 04.

Abstract:
MOTIVATION: Data is increasingly used for improvement and research in public health, especially administrative data such as that collected in electronic health records. Patients enter and exit these typically open-cohort datasets non-uniformly; this can render simple questions about incidence and prevalence time-consuming and with unnecessary variation between analyses. We therefore developed methods to automate analysis of incidence and prevalence in open cohort datasets, to improve transparency, productivity and reproducibility of analyses. IMPLEMENTATION: We provide both a code-free set of rules for incidence and prevalence that can be applied to any open cohort, and a python Command Line Interface implementation of these rules requiring python 3.9 or later. GENERAL FEATURES: The Command Line Interface is used to calculate incidence and point prevalence time series from open cohort data. The ruleset can be used in developing other implementations or can be rearranged to form other analytical questions such as period prevalence. AVAILABILITY: The command line interface is freely available from https://github.com/THINKINGGroup/analogy_publication

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REPAIRS Delphi: A UK and Ireland Consensus Statement on the Management of Infected Arterial Pseudoaneurysms Secondary to Groin Injecting Drug Use (2024)

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Type of publication:
Journal article

Author(s):
MacLeod C.S.; Nagy J.; Radley A.; Khan F.; Rae N.; Wilson M.S.J.; Suttie S.A.; Munro E.N.; Flett M.M.; Hussey K.; Wolf B.; W R.; Wallace D.; Vesey A.T.; McCaslin J.; Wong P.; Tenna A.; Badger S.; Harrison G.; Ghosh J.; Al-Khaffaf H.; Torella F.; McBride R.; Drinkwater S.; Antoniou G.A.; Bhasin N.; Pradhan A.; Smith G.; Coughlin P.; Brar R.; Peach G.; Kulkarni S.; Brooks M.; Wijesinghe L.; McCune K.; Hopper N.; Cowan A.; Hunter I.; Mittapalli D.; Garnham A.; *Jones S.; Rajagopalan S.; Tiwari A.; Imray C.; Atwal A.; Bahia S.; Jones K.G.; Handa A.; Bowbrick G.; Nordon I.; Button M.; Rudarakanchana N.; D'Souza R.; Tai N.; Moxey P.; Bicknell C.; Gibbs R.; Zayed H.; Saratzis A.; Kannan R.; Batchelder A.; Chong P.L.; Rowlands T.; Hildebrand D.; Thapar A.; Chaudhuri A.; Howard A.; Metcalfe M.; Al-Jundi W.; Sayer G.; Lewis D.; Sohrabi S.; Woolgar J.; Fligelstone L.; Davies H.; Hill S.; Fulton G.; Moneley D.; McDonnell C.; Martin Z.; Dowdall J.; Tierney S.; Walsh S.; Medani M.; Gosi G.

Citation:
European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery. (no pagination), 2024 [epub ahead of print]

Abstract:
Objective: Consensus guidelines on the optimal management of infected arterial pseudoaneurysms secondary to groin injecting drug use are lacking. This pathology is a problem in the UK and globally, yet operative management options remain contentious. This study was designed to establish consensus to promote better management of these patients, drawing on the expert experience of those in a location with a high prevalence of illicit drug use. Method(s): A three round modified Delphi was undertaken, systematically surveying consultant vascular surgeons in the UK and Ireland using an online platform. Seventy five vascular surgery units were invited to participate, with one consultant providing the unit consensus practice. Round one responses were thematically analysed to generate statements for round two. These statements were evaluated by participants using a five point Likert scale. Consensus was achieved at a threshold of 70% or more agreement or disagreement. Those statements not reaching consensus were assessed and modified for round three. The results of the Delphi process constituted the consensus statement. Result(s): Round one received 64 (86%) responses, round two 59 (79%) responses, and round three 62 (83%) responses; 73 (97%) of 75 units contributed. Round two comprised 150 statements and round three 24 statements. Ninety one statements achieved consensus agreement and 15 consensus disagreement. The Delphi statements covered sequential management of these patients from diagnosis and imaging, antibiotics and microbiology, surgical approach, wound management, follow up, and additional considerations. Pre-operative imaging achieved consensus agreement (97%), with computerised tomography angiography being the modality of choice (97%). Ligation and debridement without arterial reconstruction was the preferred approach at initial surgical intervention (89%). Multidisciplinary management, ensuring holistic care and access to substance use services, also gained consensus agreement. Conclusion(s): This comprehensive consensus statement provides a strong insight into the standard of care for these patients.

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Global 30-day morbidity and mortality of surgery for perforated peptic ulcer: GRACE study (2024)

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Type of publication:
Journal article

Author(s):
Abouelazayem, Mohamed; Jain, Rajesh; Wilson, Michael S J; Martinino, Alessandro; Balasubaramaniam, Vignesh; Biffl, Walter; Coccolini, Federico; *Riera, Manel; Wadhawan, Himanshu; Wazir, Ishaan; Abderaouf, Bettahar; Abramov, Daniil; Abu Jayyab, Mustafa A; Al-Shami, Khayry; Alfarwan, Ahmad; Alhajami, Faris M; Alkaseek, Akram; Alozairi, Ous; Ammar, Ahmed Siddique; Atar, Burak; Baatarjav, Gan-Erdene; Bains, Lovenish; Bakri, Ashraf; Bayramov, Nuru; Bhojwani, Rajesh; Brachini, Gioia; Calini, Giacomo; Campanelli, Michela; Cheng, Shi Yu; Choudhary, Charan Singh; Chowdhury, Sharfuddin; Colak, Elif; Das, Jayanta Kumar; Dawani, Surrendar; Donmez, Turgut; Elzayat, Ibrahim; Erdene, Sarnai; Faizi, Tashaba Qaiser; Frountzas, Maximos; Gafsi, Besma; Gentileschi, Paolo; Guler, Mert; Gupta, Gaurav; Harkati, Nour Elhouda; Harris, Matthew; Hasan, Doaa M; Irowa, Omorodion Omoruyi; Jafferi, Salman; Jain, Sumita Agarwal; Jun Han, Lai; Kandiboyina, Satyanarayana Murthy; Karabulut, Mehmetu; Khamees, Almu'atasim; Khan, Shahzeb; Khan, Madiha Masood; Khaw, Cheng Jing; Kisielewski, Michal; Klib, Mohamad; Kosir, Jurij A; Krawczyk, Wiktor Jan; Lisi, Giorgio; Makama, Jerry Godfrey; Maqbool, Baila; Marques, Claudia Neves; Meric, Serhat; Mietla, Mateusz Przemyslaw; Ads, Alaa Mohamed; Muhumuza, Joshua; Mulita, Francesk; Mustafayeva, Matanat; Omar, Mohammed A; Omarov, Taryel; Pathak, Akshant Anil; Paul, Ratnadeep; Pavone, Giovanna; Podda, Mauro; Raja Ram, Novinth Kumar; Rauf, Fatima; Rauf, Sidra; Safy, Ahmed Mohamed; Sandag, Erdene; Sanli, Ahmet Necati; Siddiqui, Adeela Z; Sotiropoulou, Maria; Talib, Vikash; Tatar, Cihad; Thota, Anuroop; Tokocin, Merve; Tolat, Aditya; Uchikov, Petar Angelov; Valenzuela, Jose I; Venkatappa, Sunil Kumar; Verras, Georgios-Ioannis; Vlahovic, Ivan; Zreeg, Dafer Abdulhakim S; Cardoso, Victor Roth; Gkoutos, Georgios V; Singhal, Rishi; Mahawar, Kamal.

Citation:
Surgical Endoscopy. 2024 Jun 17.

Abstract:
BACKGROUND: There is little international data on morbidity and mortality of surgery for perforated peptic ulcer (PPU). This study aimed to understand the global 30-day morbidity and mortality of patients
undergoing surgery for PPU and to identify variables associated with these. METHOD: We performed an international study of adults (>= 18 years) who underwent surgery for PPU from 1st January 2022 to 30th June 2022. Patients who were treated conservatively or had an underlying gastric cancer were excluded. Patients were divided into subgroups according to age (<= 50 and > 50 years) and time from onset of symptoms to hospital presentation (<= 24 and > 24 h). Univariate and Multivariate analyses were carried out to identify factors associated with higher 30-day morbidity and mortality. RESULTS: 1874 patients from 159 centres across 52 countries were included. 78.3% (n = 1467) of the patients were males and the median (IQR) age was 49 years (25). Thirty-day morbidity and mortality were 48.5% (n = 910) and 9.3% (n = 174) respectively. Median (IQR) hospital stay was 7 (5) days. Open surgery was performed in 80% (n = 1505) of the cohort. Age > 50 years [(OR = 1.7, 95% CI 1.4-2), (OR = 4.7, 95% CI 3.1-7.6)], female
gender [(OR = 1.8, 95% CI 1.4-2.3), (OR = 1.9, 95% CI 1.3-2.9)], shock on admission [(OR = 2.1, 95% CI 1.7-2.7), (OR = 4.8, 95% CI 3.2-7.1)], and acute kidney injury [(OR = 2.5, 95% CI 1.9-3.2), (OR = 3.9), 95% CI
2.7-5.6)] were associated with both 30-day morbidity and mortality. Delayed presentation was associated with 30-day morbidity [OR = 1.3, 95% CI 1.1-1.6], but not mortality. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that surgery for PPU was associated with high 30-day morbidity and mortality rate. Age, female gender, and signs of shock at presentation were associated with both 30-day morbidity and mortality.

Five historical innovations that have shaped modern otolaryngological surgery (2024)

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Type of publication:
Journal article

Author(s):
*Patel R; Acharya R; *Shah S; Desai C; Raveshia D; *Panesar H; Patel N; Mcconaghie G; Cain DC; *Parmar D; Banerjee R; Singh R

Citation:
Journal of Perioperative Practice. 17504589241244996, 2024 Jun 03.

Abstract:
Throughout history, many innovations have contributed to the development of modern otolaryngological surgery, improving patient outcomes and expanding the range of treatment options available to patients. This article explores five key historical innovations that have shaped modern otolaryngological surgery: Operative Microscope, Hopkins Rigid Endoscope, Laryngeal Nerve monitoring, Cochlear implants and Laser surgery. The selection of innovations for inclusion in this article was meticulously determined through expert consensus and an extensive literature review. We will review the development, impact and significance of each innovation, highlighting their contributions to the field of otolaryngological surgery and their ongoing relevance in contemporary and perioperative practice.

A Systemic Review of Primary Malignant Long Bone Tumors in Children and Adolescents (2024)

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Type of publication:
Systematic Review

Author(s):
Khan, M; *Patel, R; *Youssef, M; Banerjee, R; Pardiwala, A; Belen, C.

Citation:
Acta Chirurgiae Orthopaedicae et Traumatologiae Cechoslovaca. 91(2):77-87, 2024.

Abstract:
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: Managing bone tumours is complex, relying on limited evidence, expert opinions, and retrospective reviews. Multidisciplinary approaches and early diagnosis are crucial for better outcomes, especially in young patients with growing skeletons. The aim of this systemic review and meta-analysis is to give a comprehensive review of common malignant tumors affecting long bones in children and adolescents. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A PubMed/Medline search for "primary malignant long bone tumours in children" initially retrieved 1120 papers, which were subsequently narrowed down to 110 articles based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. These articles were reviewed, focusing on clinical presentation, diagnostic workup, treatment options, surgical planning, and variations in presentation, including rare tumours. The two most commonly reported tumours were osteosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma, leading to the division of studies into five groups. The inclusion criteria encompassed malignancies in patients aged 2-25 years, work-up, imaging, surgical treatment, rare tumour case reports, and surgical management principles, resulting in a heterogeneous group of articles. To enhance categorisation, it was clarified that studies with 10 or more cases were considered retrospective reviews. RESULTS: Reviewing of results thus demonstrate that the two likely tumours in children under consideration were osteosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma. Their presentation findings and clinical features were discussed in detail in the review. It is worth noting here that in case of differential diagnosis this should be the first on the list. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: Although focus of literature is more on the two most common tumours. However, rare tumours should be considered as they can mimic these common tumors.

Viscosupplementation with High Molecular Weight Hyaluronic Acid for Hip Osteoarthritis: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomised Control Trials of the Efficacy on Pain, Functional Disability, and the Occurrence of Adverse Events (2024)

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Type of publication:
Systematic Review

Author(s):
*Patel, R; Orfanos, G; Gibson, W; Banks, T; McConaghie, G; Banerjee, R.

Citation:
Acta Chirurgiae Orthopaedicae et Traumatologiae Cechoslovaca. 91(2):109-119, 2024.

Abstract:
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: Hip osteoarthritis (OA) has a prevalence of around 6.4% and is the second most commonly affected joint. This review aims to assess the clinical outcomes of intra-articular high molecular weight hyaluronic acid (HMWHA) in the management of hip osteoarthritis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We conducted a comprehensive search across PubMed, Google Scholar, and the Cochrane Library for randomised trials investigating the effectiveness of high molecular weight hyaluronic acid (HMWHA) in the treatment of hip osteoarthritis. Quality and risk of bias assessments were performed using the Cochrane RoB2 tool. To synthesise the data, we utilised the Standardised Mean Difference (SMD) for assessing pain relief through the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and the Lequesne index (LI) for evaluating functional outcomes. Risk Ratio (RR) was calculated to assess the occurrence of complications. RESULTS: A total of four studies involving HMWHA and control groups were included. The standardised mean difference (SMD) for the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) (SMD -0.056; 95% CI; -0.351, 0.239; p = 0.709) and the Lequesne index (SMD -0.114; 95% CI; -0.524, 0.296; p = 0.585) were not statistically significant. Analysis for complications demonstrated an overall relative risk ratio (RR) of 0.879 (95% CI; 0.527, 1.466; p = 0.622), and was not statistically significant. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: Intra-articular HMWHA in hip OA can significantly reduce pain and improve functional recovery when compared with the condition before treatment. However, there is no significant difference between HMWHA, or saline, or other therapeutic treatments. Currently, available evidence indicates that intra-articular HMWHA in hip OA would not increase the risk of adverse events.

Re-induction of intravenous ustekinumab to maintain drug persistence. A UK experience (2024)

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Type of publication:
Conference abstract

Author(s):
*Muir J.; *Hazir Y.; *Butterworth J.

Citation:
Journal of Crohn's and Colitis. Conference: 19th Congress of the European Crohn's and Colitis Organisation, ECCO 2024. Stockholm Sweden. 18(Supplement 1) (pp i1034), 2024. Date of Publication: January 2024.

Abstract:
Background: In this study we seek to add to the body of knowledge on the practical use of ustekinumab in patients with Crohns and Colitis. Patients commencing ustekinumab will mostly have failed, or are intolerant to, conventional biologic agents and therefore have a limited number of medical options available to manage their disease. Results from the IM-UNITI long-term extension study have shown that a proportion of patients will lose response to maintenance dose therapy, and a small number of studies have suggested that repeated induction doses of this therapy can prolong its effective use and allow patients a greater period of disease free remission. Shrewsbury and Telford hospital NHS trust is a multi-site UK hospital serving a large population in the west-midlands region which has established the routine use of usetkinumab therapy over 5 years ago and by reviewing data on our patient cohort we aimed to identify characteristics amongst patients who have required reinduction doses and how effective they have been in maintaining remission. Method(s): In this retrospective, interventional study two researchers gathered data including baseline characteristics, disease type and distribution, previous surgical and medical therapies and time from diagnosis on all patients who had received ustekinumab therapy over the past five years. We used biochemical and endoscopic data, as well as clinical records, to determine the efficacy of ustekinumab on the disease course. We identified the subgroup of patients requiring reinduction doses and noted whether this was a successful intervention and sought to describe similarities which could help identify patients at risk of failing maintenance therapy in future. Result(s): Data from 213 patients was gathered (Crohns: 150, UC: 61, IBDU: 2) and of which 87 (Crohns: 63, UC: 24) received reinduction doses. Average time to reinduction from therapy commencement was 19.5 months (Crohns) and 16.3 months (UC) respectively. Of the reinduction group 63% showed improvement in their disease control and a variety of characteristics were noted amongst the successful patients for discussion including disease location, presence of perianal disease and time from diagnosis. Conclusion(s): Ustekinumab reinduction is an important area for further research as it allows patients to prolong their successful therapy and delay the need for surgical intervention for difficult to manage disease. This study suggests characteristics which could inform further trials and establish protocols to aid clinicians when making decisions about switching biologic therapies.

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The diagnosis and management of systemic autoimmune rheumatic disease-related interstitial lung disease: British Society for Rheumatology guideline scope (2024)

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Type of publication:
Journal article

Author(s):
Hannah, Jennifer; Rodziewicz, Mia; Mehta, Puja; Heenan, Kerri-Marie; Ball, Elizabeth; Barratt, Shaney; Carty, Sara; Conway, Richard; Cotton, Caroline V; Cox, Sarah; Crawshaw, Anjali; Dawson, Julie; Desai, Sujal; Fahim, Ahmed; Fielding, Carol; *Garton, Mark; George, Peter; Gunawardena, Harsha; Kelly, Clive; Khan, Fasihul; Koduri, Gouri; Morris, Helen; Naqvi, Marium; Perry, Elizabeth; Riddell, Claire; Sieiro Santos, Cristiana; Spencer, Lisa G; Chaudhuri, Nazia; Nisar, Muhammad K.

Citation:
Rheumatology Advances in Practice. 8(2):rkae056, 2024.

Abstract:
Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a significant complication of many systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (SARDs), although the clinical presentation, severity and outlook may vary widely between individuals. Despite the prevalence, there are no specific guidelines addressing the issue of screening, diagnosis and management of ILD across this diverse group. Guidelines from the ACR and EULAR are expected, but there is a need for UK-specific guidelines that consider the framework of the UK National Health Service, local licensing and funding strategies. This article outlines the intended scope for the British Society for Rheumatology guideline on the diagnosis and management of SARD-ILD developed by the guideline working group. It specifically identifies the SARDs for consideration, alongside the overarching principles for which systematic review will be conducted. Expert consensus will be produced based on the most up-to-date available evidence for inclusion within the final guideline. Key issues to be addressed include recommendations for screening of ILD, identifying the methodology and frequency of monitoring and pharmacological and non-pharmacological management. The guideline will be developed according to methods and processes outlined in Creating Clinical Guidelines: British Society for Rheumatology Protocol version 5.1.

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