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The rise in trauma & orthopaedic trainee-led research and audit collaborative projects in the united kingdom since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. (2022)

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Type of publication:
Conference abstract

Author(s):
*Khaleeq T.; *Kabariti R.; *Ahmed U.

Citation:
British Journal of Surgery. Conference: ASiT Surgical Innovation Summit – Future Surgery Show. London United Kingdom. 109(SUPPL 1) (pp i13), 2022. Date of Publication: March 2022.

Abstract:
Introduction: There has been a significant rise in trainee-led trauma & orthopaedic (T&O) multi-centre research collaborative projects globally. Since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, more emphasis has been on global collaborative research efforts to tackle important research questions. The aim was to evaluate the number of T&O trainee-led research collaborative projects that took part since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic in the UK. Method(s): A retrospective study that evaluated T&O trainee-led national collaborative projects within the UK since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown (March 2020 to June 2021). Our exclusion criteria included any regional collaborative projects, projects that were started pre-COVID and projects of other surgical specialities. The number of projects identified was compared to that in 2019. Result(s): In 2019, 0 trainee-led collaborative projects were commenced nationally in the UK. Since the COVID-19 pandemic, we identified 10 trainee-led collaborative trauma & orthopaedic projects with 3 being published so far. The level of evidence ranged between 3 and 4. Conclusion(s): Covid has placed significant challenges across healthcare. One positive aspect that has been noted is the increase in multi-centre trainee-led collaborative projects within the UK. Our study highlights the feasibility of a trainee-led high quality collaborative research projects in the UK, emphasising the growing contribution of trainees towards research. Wide-spread availability of new technological tools suchas social media and Redcap facilitates such projects in terms of recruitment and data collection. We would, therefore, recommend expanding this trainee-led collaborative platform across in Europe and Worldwide.

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Plain film x-ray reporting in orthopaedic patients: A reaudit in a district general hospital (2022)

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Type of publication:
Conference abstract

Author(s):
*Khaleeq T.; *Shah Foridi J.; *Reading J.

Citation:
British Journal of Surgery. Conference: ASiT Surgical Innovation Summit – Future Surgery Show. London United Kingdom. 109(SUPPL 1) (pp i13), 2022. Date of Publication: March 2022.

Abstract:
Aim: To assess clinical evaluation of plain film x-rays requested for patients in the orthopaedic department (clinic and ward) Standards: Ionising radiation (medical exposure) regulations irmer 2017 procedure j: recording clinical exposure, national guideline and local guidance is in keeping with irmer and good clinical practice. Method(s): 50 plain films of randomly selected (using random number generator) who had attended new patient fracture clinic and ward. An initial audit was done in June and an reaudit in September. The radiology system, clinical notes and clinic letters were reviewed to obtain the relevant data. Result(s): Audit: 20 films were documented 30 were not documented Reaudit 32 films were documented by referring clinician 18 films were not documented by referring clinician Audit: Clinical evaluation documented 18 Clinical evaluation not documented 32 Reaudit: Clinical evaluation documented – 29 Clinical evaluation not documented – 21 Discussion: Whose responsibility? Radiographs commented on in trauma meetings not documented. New radiographs not commented on in clinic. Limitations – access to more notes from ward. Conclusion(s): As outlined in guidance orthopaedic and fracture clinic plain films should be reported by referring clinician or their team. Currently this is being done 64% of the time, significant improvement was seen. This may have medicolegal consequences as it does not follow GMC guidance for good medical practise. Recommendations: Clinicians to specifically dictate x-ray findings in fracture clinic. Junior staff to take responsibility for documenting x-ray findings as discussed with senior clinicians for trauma patients. Junior staff to review post-op x-rays for all patients and to document.

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Incidence of acute kidney injury in neck of femur fracture patients during the COVID-19 pandemic in Princess Royal Hospital, Telford (2022)

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Type of publication:
Conference abstract

Author(s):
Alaguraja P.; Younas W.; Mabeza T.; *Makam A.; *Khaleeq T.; *Reading J

Citation:
British Journal of Surgery. Conference: ASiT Surgical Innovation Summit – Future Surgery Show. London United Kingdom. 109(SUPPL 1) (pp i13), 2022. Date of Publication: March 2022

Abstract:
Aim: Patients undergoing surgical repair of neck-of-femur (NOF) fractures are at higher risk of acute kidney injury (AKI). NICE and BOAST have published guidelines to help prevent the occurrence of AKI, including adequate fluid resuscitation pre- and post-operatively. An audit was conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic to explore whether the department was adhering to NICE guidelines. Method(s): AKI was defined, as per NICE Clinical Knowledge Summaries, as an increase in serum creatinine levels by 26 mumol/L or greater. Data was collected prospectively starting from December 2020 to February 2021 in the Princess Royal Hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic. All patients with NOFs were included and data on sex, age, comorbidities, and type of surgery were collected. Result(s): In total, 32 patients were included in the audit with an average age of 82 years; of these, eleven patients had dynamic hip screws and eighteen patients had hemiarthroplasties. Five patients had chronic kidney disease, six patients had previous myocardial infarctions and thirteen patients had hypertension. Two patients (6.3%) were found to have an AKI post-surgery with increased creatinine levels of 27 and 28 mumol/L. Both had hypertension and underwent hemiarthroplasties. Conclusion(s): Complications such as AKIs are reversible and preventable. Especially during the COVID-19 pandemic such complications can increase morbidity and mortality of patients suffering from NOF leading to longer hospital stays. The low rate of AKI following NOF repair in our Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic is attributable to adherence to NICE and BOAST fluid resuscitation guidelines.

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A Systematic Review of Long-Distance Triathlon Musculoskeletal Injuries (2022)

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Type of publication:Journal article

Author(s):Rhind JH; Dass D; Barnett A; *Carmont M

Citation:Journal of Human Kinetics 2022 Feb 10; Vol. 81, pp. 123-134.

Abstract:The distribution of injuries affecting long-distance triathletes is yet to be fully understood. A systematic review was performed of the clinical literature to determine the epidemiology of musculoskeletal injuries affecting long-distance triathletes. Searched databases in Feb 2020 were PubMed, Medline, EMBASE, EMCARE, and CINHAL databases. Published observational research articles related to the incidence or prevalence of musculoskeletal injuries in long-distance triathletes (competing at "Ironman" full distance or greater), written in the English language and not restricted by age or gender or date were eligible. Of the 975 studies identified on the initial search, six studies met the inclusion criteria for analysis. The mean age (SD) of the long-distance triathletes in these studies was 35.1 (2.7) and the range was 21-68 years. Overuse injuries were most frequent with the incidence range of 37-91%, and acute injury incidence range was 24-27%. The knee and spine were the most frequent location of injury. Running and cycling were the most frequently affected disciplines. Elite athletes had a lower incidence of overuse injury (37%). The highest acute injury incidence (27%) was recorded in non-elite athletes. The quality of the studies was relatively poor with only one study satisfying >50% of the quality assessment tool questions and only two studies were prospective, the rest were retrospective cross-sectional studies. Overall, there is a lack of literature reporting on musculoskeletal injuries in long-distance triathletes. Overuse injuries, particularly in the knee, are the most frequently reported, running and cycling are the most frequent disciplines associated. Long-distance triathletes may have a lower incidence of both overuse and acute injuries.

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The global level of harm among surgical professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic: A multinational cross-sectional cohort study (2022)

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Type of publication:Journal article

Author(s):Abouelazayem, Mohamed; Viswanath, Yirupaiahgari K S; Bangash, Ali Haider; Herrera Kok, Johnn Henry; Cheruvu, Chandra; Parmar, Chetan; Atici, Semra Demirli; Yang, Wah; Galanis, Michail; Di Maggio, Francesco; Isik, Arda; *Bandyopadhyay, Samik Kumar

Citation:Surgery; Mar 2022 [epub ahead of print]

Abstract:BACKGROUND Health care workers, including surgical professionals, experienced psychological burnout and physical harm during the coronavirus 2019 pandemic. This global survey investigated the coronavirus 2019 pandemic impact on psychological and physical health.
METHODS We conducted a global cross-sectional survey between February 18, 2021 and March 13, 2021. The primary outcome was to assess the psychological burnout, fulfillment, and self-reported physical level of harm. A validated Stanford Professional Fulfilment Index score with a self-reported physical level of harm was employed. We used a practical overall composite level ofharm score to calculate the level of harm gradient 1-4, combining psychological burnout with self-reported physical level of harm score.
RESULTS A total of 545 participants from 66 countries participated. The final analysis included 520 (95.4%) surgical professionals barring medical students. Most of the participants (81.3%)were professionally unfulfilled. The psychological burnout was evident in 57.7% and was significantly common in those <50 years (P = .002) and those working in the public sector (P = .005). Approximately 41.7% of respondents showed changes in the physical health with self-remedy and no impact on work, whereas 14.9% reported changes to their physical health with <2 weeks off work, and 10.1% reported changes in physical health requiring >2 weeks off work. Severe harm (level of harm 4) was detected in 10.6%, whereas moderate harm (level of harm 3) affected 40.2% of the participants. Low and no harm (level of harm 2 and level of harm 1) represented 27.5% and 21.7%, respectively. CONCLUSION Our study showed that high levels of psychological burnout, professional unfulfillment, work exhaustion, and severe level of harm was more frequent in younger professionals working in the public sector. The findings correlated with a high level of harm in surgical professionals impacting surgical services.

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Are we doing enough to prevent colectomy in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients? A 5-year review of colectomy rates in Shropshire and Mid-Wales UK (2015-2019) (2022)

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Type of publication:Conference abstract

Author(s):*Javed A.; *Butterworth J.; *Townson G.

Citation:Journal of Crohn's and Colitis; Jan 2022; vol. 16

Abstract:Background: Colectomy for IBD significantly impacts the psycho-social aspects & quality of life.Method(s): Electronic records were retrospectively analysed for colectomy rates & parameters of interest.Result(s): 68 patients (Men 37:Women31), median age 30 years had colectomies. Annual colectomy rates remained constant;7 (2015), 20 (2016), 11 (2017) & (2018) each and 19 (2019). 28% had colectomy within 1 year of diagnosis and only 63% received a biologic agent. Over half, (54%)had emergency surgeries & 37% experienced infections, re-laparotomy and ileus (20% each).Conclusion(s): There is an opportunity to risk-stratify patients at diagnosis based on the risk factors (men, younger age, severe/extensive disease) to a top-down therapy & treat to target strategy to reduce colectomy rates. (Table Presented).

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Global Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on Gastric Cancer Treatment: findings from a global cross-sectional multicentre study (GLEOHUG-GC) (2022)

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Type of publication:Conference abstract

Author(s):Herrera Kok J.H.; Viswanath Y.K.; Parmar C.; Bangash A.H.; Samaduv E.; Atici S.D.; Cheruvu C.V.; Abouelazayem M.; Yang W.; Galanis M.; Di Maggio F.; Isik A.; *Bandopyadaya S.; Mahawar K.

Citation:European Journal of Surgical Oncology; Feb 2022; vol. 48 (no. 2)

Abstract:Background: Gastric cancer (GC) is the 5th most common malignancy and remains one of the major causes of worldwide cancer-related deaths. COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on the provision of cancer care. This study aims to overview the global standpoint of gastric cancer patients (GCP) during the first year of pandemic (PY1).
Material(s) and Method(s): The Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons (TUGS), within its Global Level of Harm Project, designed an online cross-sectional survey to assess how GCP's management changed during PY1. The questionnaire included 33 questions about expertise, kind of health system, hospital organization and screening policies, personal protective equipment (PPE), change in patient's characteristics, preoperative, operative and postoperative management of GCP.Result(s): There were 209 answers from 178 centres (50 countries) around the world. Results of the survey showed: most hospitals (88,2%) had restricted areas for the management of COVID-19 patients; 53,6% of participants were redeployed; most frequent COVID-19 screening methods were PCR (78,8%) and chest CTscan (25,6%), and 55,9% thought there was a lack of PPE. Preoperative management: 43,2% decrease in the number of multidisciplinary teams (MDT) meetings; 28,4% increase in the number of cT2 or higher GCP; 34,7% increase in metastatic (M1) GCP; 26,8% increase in GCP receiving definitive palliative treatment; 23,7% increase in the number of frail patients; 50% increase in waiting list time (WLT); and 41,6% faced problems in the provision of oncological treatment. Operative management: 54,5% decrease in elective gastrectomies; 29,1% increase in the number of urgent/semi-urgent gastrectomies; 37% decrease in the number of minimally invasive gastrectomies (MIG); and 18,5% increase in the number of surgeries with palliative intent. Postoperative management: 16,5% increase in the overall complication rate (OCR); 12,6% increase in the number of Clavien-Dindo 3 or higher complications; 8% increase in the leak rate; increase in pulmonary infections (26,8%) and bowel obstruction (2,4%); 44,5% development of postoperative COVID-19 infection; 15,4% increase in 30-days mortality rate; 23,1% mortality due to COVID-19 infection; 17,6% increase in the need for adjuvant treatment. Most patients were postoperatively assessed either through a face to face consultation or a combination of face to face and remote consultation.
Conclusion(s): COVID-19 pandemic has affected GC management by decreased frequency of MDT's, higher clinical-stage migration and fuelled frailty. The pandemic increased WLT, the number of urgent and palliative surgeries, OCR, Clavien-Dindo 3 or higher complications, leak rate, and pulmonary infections. There was a noticeable high rate of postoperative COVID-19 infection and associated mortality. Further multicentric studies are warranted to affirm these findings.

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A study analysing the effect of wet wraps in patients of atopic dermatitis (2021)

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Type of publication:Journal article

Author(s):Kakroo S.N.; Beg M.A.; *Kakroo B.

Citation:Journal of Pakistan Association of Dermatologists. 31(4) (pp 588-594), 2021

Abstract:Objective We sought to evaluate the efficacy of wet wrap therapy treatment in patients with Atopic dermatitis. Methods Total 30 patients, (25 males and 5 females) were enrolled in this study with severe dermatitis [SCORAD] score >=50) were enrolled in this study. For disease severity SCORAD was used, for quality of life dermatology life quality index (DLQI) scores, visual analog scale (VAS) for pruritus and investigator's global assessment (IGA) was used. For evaluation of water content in the corneum, the capacitance was measured by Corneometer (Courage and Khazaka, Cologne, Germany), and TEWL was measured by Tewameter TM210 (Courage and Khazaka). The lipid amount of skin surface was assessed by Sebumeter (Courage and Khazaka). The patients underwent WWT (daily dose: 15 g Mometasone furoate cream+100g Vaseline ointment) twice daily for 2 h/session for 7 days. Results There was significant improvement in lesions, quality of life and itching. SCORAD was clearly decreased, epidermal water content was increased, and transepidermal water loss was decreased after wet-wrap dressing. Conclusion Wet wrap therapy (WWT) can relieve pruritus, reduce skin lesions, and improve quality of life.

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CORONA (COre ultRasOund of covid in iNtensive care and Acute medicine) study: National service evaluation of lung and heart ultrasound in intensive care patients with suspected or proven COVID-19 (2022)

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Type of publication:Journal article

Author(s):Parulekar P.; Powys-Lybbe J.; Aron J.; Knight T.; Lasserson D.; Smallwood N.; Rudge G.; *Miller A.; Peck M.

Citation:Journal of the Intensive Care Society; 2022 [epub ahead of print]

Abstract:Background: Combined Lung Ultrasound (LUS) and Focused UltraSound for Intensive Care heart (FUSIC Heart – formerly Focused Intensive Care Echocardiography, FICE) can aid diagnosis, risk stratification and management in COVID-19. However, data on its application and results are limited to small studies in varying countries and hospitals. This United Kingdom (UK) national service evaluation study assessed how combined LUS and FUSIC Heart were used in COVID-19 Intensive Care Unit (ICU) patients during the first wave of the pandemic. Method(s): Twelve trusts across the UK registered for this prospective study. LUS and FUSIC Heart data were obtained, using a standardised data set including scoring of abnormalities, between 1st February 2020 to 30th July 2020. The scans were performed by intensivists with FUSIC Lung and Heart competency as a minimum standard. Data was anonymised locally prior to transfer to a central database. Result(s): 372 studies were performed on 265 patients. There was a small but significant relationship between LUS score >8 and 30-day mortality (OR 1.8). Progression of score was associated with an increase in 30-day mortality (OR 1.2). 30-day mortality was increased in patients with right ventricular (RV) dysfunction (49.4% vs 29.2%). Severity of LUS score correlated with RV dysfunction (p < 0.05). Change in management occurred in 65% of patients following a combined scan. Conclusion(s): In COVID-19 patients, there is an association between lung ultrasound score severity, RV dysfunction and mortality identifiable by combined LUS and FUSIC Heart. The use of 12-point LUS scanning resulted in similar risk score to 6-point imaging in the majority of cases. Our findings suggest that serial combined LUS and FUSIC Heart on COVID-19 ICU patients may aid in clinical decision making and prognostication.

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Paediatric Injuries Pre And During COVID-19 Requiring an Operative Intervention: The District General Hospital Experience (2021)

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Type of publication:Conference abstract

Author(s):*Howard E.; *Arshad S.; *Kabariti R.; *Roach R.

Citation:British Journal of Surgery; Sep 2021; vol. 108, Supplement 6

Abstract:Aim: To assess the effect of lockdown and the following summer period on paediatric trauma patients who required an operative intervention in a district general hospital. Method(s): A single centre retrospective audit was performed on all paediatric patients <16 years requiring an operative intervention. Two study periods were assessed-pre-COVID (22/03/2019-30/09/2019) and during the COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent summer period (26/03/ 2020-26/09/2020). Data were collected on patient demographics, type of injury sustained, and intervention performed. Result(s): During the COVID-19 pandemic 119 operations were performed, compared to 238 operations performed before the pandemic. Distal radius fractures were the most common injury both during and before the pandemic. However, during the pandemic there was a higher incidence of both hand injuries and lower limb lacerations. The most common type of operation both before and during the pandemic was manipulation under anaesthetic, but there was an increased incidence of washouts performed during the pandemic. Conclusion(s): Despite extensive restructuring of services due to COVID-19, 119 operations were performed during the pandemic. However, this is 119 fewer operations than the same period of the previous year. The reduced rate of operations could be a consequence of increased parental supervision, and less outdoor activity during the pandemic period, but further research is necessary.

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